4 The impact of other bergamottin sources is unclear. Repeated consumption has a greater effect than one exposure but certain medications’ effects are sensitive to consistent drug levels (e.g. containing Seville orange peels), and bergamot-flavored products (including pharmaceuticals) are often overlooked sources of bergamot oil.Įating a whole grapefruit or drinking a cup of grapefruit juice can cause a clinically significant interaction with a host of medications. 3 Earl Grey tea, certain fruit jams (e.g. 2īergamot oil contains anti-cholesterol compounds these compounds worsen bergamottin’s statin-boosting effects.
Statins and grapefruit interactions skin#
Oil of bergamot contains a litany of phototoxic and carcinogenic compounds, including bergamottin and psoralen, which cause redness and increase skin cancer risk after sun exposure. Skincare products, perfumes, and food flavorings use its namesake the bergamot orange but consumers rarely eat the whole fruit. Either effect can have serious consequences on patient safety.īergamottin is in more than just grapefruit. Bergamottin affects fewer medications by preventing their pumping into the blood these medications, such as fexofenadine, are less effective when taken with bergamottin-containing products. Bergamottin interferes with the metabolism of amphetamines through a related enzyme (CYP2D6) as well. This causes drug levels in the blood to rise higher than normal and cause negative reactions (eg statin-induced muscle breakdown). Medications are broken down less by this enzyme before absorption into the blood if bergamottin has been in the gut recently. The most significant offending natural compound, bergamottin (named after the bergamot orange), prevents the breakdown of medications through the most numerous and often used metabolizing enzyme (CYP3A4). For example, grapefruit can increase atorvastatin (among many medications) and decrease fexofenadine levels in the body. Prescribers, pharmacists, direct-to-consumer advertising, and patient leaflets mention grapefruit-induced drug interactions with a variety of common medications.
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